Engine piston



j@ 9, 36. J. BEZOSKY 2,043,92()v ENGINE PISTON Filed De'C. 5, 1935 mi, Z Z1 Z9 Jm 3430s@ Patented June 9, 1936 UNITED STATES PATENT oFFics ENGINE PrsToN John Benosky, Binghamton, N. Y. Application December 5, 1935, serial No. 53,073

z claims. (o1. 309-7) My invention relates to an engine'piston designed primarily for use in connection with internal combustion engines, but it isto be understood that a piston structure, in accordance with my invention, may be employed in any connection for which it is found applicable.

The object of my invention is to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a piston structure which eliminates the tendency to slap during/its reciprocation, as well as not only preventing oil leakage when the rings become worn but also reducing ring replacement to a. minimum.

Further objects of my invention are to provide, in a manner as hereinafter set forth, a piston structure which is simple in its construction and arrangement, strong, durable, compact, readily assembled, thoroughly efiicient when in use, conveniently repaired when occasion requires, and comparatively inexpensive to manufacture.

.With the foregoing and other objects which may hereinafter appear, my invention consists of the novel construction, combination and arrangement of parts as will be morespecifically described andas are illustrated in the accompanying drawing wherein are shownembodiments of my invention, but it is to be understood that changes, variations andmodifications may be resorted to which fall within the scope of my invention as claimed.

. In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view of the piston structure,

Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the ring element, y

Figuren 3 is a fragmentary Vview of the piston body with the head thereof and ring element removed,

Figure 4 is a top plan view of the structure shown in Figure 3,

Figure 5 is a top plan view of the ring element,

Figure 6 is a top plan view of the piston structure, and

Figure 7 is a fragmentary view in vertical section of a modified form of piston structure in accordance with my invention.

A lpiston structure, in accordance with my invention, includes a one-piece tubular body 8 open at each end and formed of a follower end part 9, intermediate parts Ill, II, I2 and I3, a frustotapered part I4 and a leading end part I5.- The part 9 merges into the rear end of and is of greater inner diameter than part I0. The latter gradually decreases in inner diameter from its rear to its forward end. The part I0 is of greater' thickness and of less length than part 9. The forward forward end and is of end of part I0 merges into the rear end of part I I.

The latter is of materially greater length than part I0 and is of uniform inner diameter throughout. The thickness of part II corresponds throughout to the point of greatest thickness of 5 part I0. The forward end of part II merges into the rear end of part I2. The latter gradually decreases in inner diameter from its rear to yits less length than part I0. The part I2 is of greater thickness and of materially less length than the part II. The part I2 at its forward end merges into the rear end of part I3. The latter is of greater length than part I2 and is of uniform inner diameter throughout. The thickness of part I3 corresponds throughout to the pointof greatest thickness o1' part I2. The forward end of part I3 merges into the rear end of part I4. The inner diameter of the part I4 gradually decreases from its rear to its forward end. The part |4 is formed with an endless rab- 20 bet in its outer face to provide a portion I6 of reduced thickness, a seat I1 and a peripheral shoulder I8. The inner and outer diameters of the part I5 are less than that of the other parts of body 8. The part I5 is inset with respect to the other parts of the body 8 and is disposed in angular relation with respect to the outer end of the par't I4. The latter has its forward end merge into the outer lower corner of the part I5. The portion I6 of part I4 is arranged forwardly with respect to the remaining portion of said part I4. The part I5 is disposed inwardly at right angles relative to parts 9 to I3 both inclusive.

'I'he part I3 is formed with a leading and a follower piston ring receiving groove indicated at I9 and 20, respectively. Within the grooves I9 and 20 are arranged piston rings 2| of known construction. Leading from the groove I 9 and opening into the body 8 are inclined oil return ducts 22. The part I3 is formed with a pair of diametrically opposed elongated rectangular slots 23 (only one of which is shown) and which constitute spaces for oil return. 'I'heslots 23 open into the groove 20.

'I'he outer periphery of the thickest portion of the part I 4 is formed with a circumferentially extending row of substantially V-shaped grooves 24 which merge into each other, as at 25. At the point of.mergence of one groove 24 with another a port 26 is formed in part I4 which inclines downwardly relative to part I3 and opens into the body 8. Preferably the number of ports 26 will be sixteen, but this number may be increased or diminished if desired. The ports 26 are spaced from the leading end of the thickest portion of 55 y4|) align with the openings 4|.

the part I4.v The ports 2B provide for the return of the oil collected in the grooves 24.

Encompassing the part I4, as well as the outer edge of the part I5, is a diagonally split ring element 21 having its outer side edge 28 of uniform outer diameter. The split in the element 21 is indicated at 29. The element 21 is formed of a follower portion 30, an intermediate portion 3l and a leading portion 32. The inner edge of the portion 3l is inset with respect to the portion 30. The latter gradually increases in thickness from itsrear to its forward end and merges into the rear end of portion 3 I. The portion 3| gradually increases in thickness from its rear end to its forward end and merges into the rear end of the portion 32. The junction of the portions 30', 3| forms element 21 with an internal annular shoulder 33 due to the fact that at the point of mergence of portion 38 with portion 3| the rear end of portion 3| is of greater thickness than the forward end of portion 38. uniform thickness and of less length than .the portion 3|. The latter is of less length than the portion 30. The construction as aforesaid provides the inner side edge of element 21 with a leading edge portion 34 of uniform diameter, an intermediate edge portion 35 gradually decreasing in diameter from its rear end to the edge portion 34 and a follower edge portion 36 oiset with respect to edge portion 35 and gradually decreasing in diameter from its rear end to the inner end of the shoulder 33. The element 21, 'when in encompassing relation relative to part I4, has its inner edge portion 34 opposing the seat I1, its shoulder 33 opposing the shoulder I8 and its edge portion 36 opposing the grooved outer face of the thickest portion-of the partv I4.

The piston structure includes a head element 31 which is in the form of a disc 38 provided on its follower face with an inset annular ilange 39. The disc 38 is formed with a series of counter-.- sunk threaded openings 40 which are adapted to align with threaded openings 4I formed in the part I5 of the body 8. The disc 38 is positioned against the leading face of the part I5 of portion 8 and when so arranged the iiange 39 is encompassed by the inner edge of the said part I5. When in the position aforesaid, the openings Extending through the aligning openings 40, 4I and threadedly engaging with the disc 38 and part I5 of `body 8 are threaded'holdfast devices 42 which are flush with the leading face of the head element 31. The latter, when secured to the part I5 of body 8, provides, in connection with said part I5, as well as the part I4 of body 8, an annular groove 43 of substantially right angled triangular lform in cross-section. -The ring element 21 is mounted in the groove 43.

When the piston structure is in operation, the ring element 21 engages the seat I1 and shoulder I8 whereby it is prevented from being forced rearwardly completely out of the groove 43. The cross-sectional dimension of the element 21 is less than the cross-sectiona1 dimension of the groove 43 thereby preventing a play of such element 21 during the operation of the. piston structure.

The modiiied :form of the piston structure Shown in Figure '1 will be the same the form wisethan that as stated, the structure shown in The portion 32 is of` shown in Figure 1, with the exception that the part 44 which corresponds to the part I5 of the tubular body 8 has its inner edge formed with screwlthreads 45 and that the ange 46, which corresponds to the iiange 39 of head element 31, o ,l

will have its outer edge provided with screw threads 41. The threads 45 and 41 coact to connect the head element 48 to the part 44. In Figf ure '1 the tubular body is indicated at 49. Lock screws 49 are employed in lieu of the holdfast 10 devices 4 2 and which abut the part 44. The element 48 has a pair of sockets 58, only one of which is shown, to receive a spanner wrench for facilitating the positioning of element 48. Other- 1r d Figure 'I will be similar in all respects to the structure-shown in Figure 1.

The ring element 21 coacts with the head element 31 and tubular body 8 in a manner to eliminate the tendency of the piston to slap and further to reduce oil leakage that occurs when the piston ring has become worn. 'I'he oil gathered during the reciprocation o f the piston structure is returned by the ducts 22, slots 23, ports 28 and grooves 24 to the interior of the tubular body 8.

Shims may be employed for taking up wear relative to the ring element 21, head element 31 or 48 and part I5 or 44, and in this connection a shim 5I is shown in Figure 1.

what I claim is: 30

1. A piston structure comprising a tubular body formed at its leading end with a tapered part merging at its forward end into an inwardly extending part, a head element secured against said inwardly extending part and forming in connection with said tapered part an annular groove, said tapered part being formed with an annular V peripheral -shoulder and a seat, a split ring element mounted in said groove and provided with means on its inner face to engage said seat and 40 shoulder, said ring element having its cross-sectional contour corresponding with the cross-sectional contour of said groove, and said tapered part rearwardly of its shoulder being formed in its outer periphery with a circumferentially ex- 45 tending row of V-shaped grooves merging into each other and ports at the points oi mergence of the grooves of said row, said ports opening into the interior ofsaid body.

2. A piston structure including a tubular body 5.0 having its leading end terminal portion formed with a tapered outer periphery, a head element secured against and extended laterally from the leading end of said body, said leading end terminal portion forming in connection with the extended portion of said head an annular groove, said tapered part being formedon and intermediate the ends of its outer periphery' with an annular seat and an annular shoulder rearwardly of the seat, a split ring elcment mounted in said so groove and provided with means on its inner face to engage said seat and shoulder, and saidtapered part rearwardly of said shoulder being formed respectively in its outer periphery with a circumferentially extending row of lubricant collecting grooves communicating with each other and in its body with spaced ports opening into the rfoves of said row and into the interior of said JOHN .BEzosKr l 

